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“The far side of the moon is very different from the near side,” said Li Chunlai, China National Space Administration deputy chief designer. The Yutu-2 lunar rover took an image of the Chang'e-4 lunar probe on the far side of the moon on January 11, 2019. Far side mysteriesDespite years of orbital data and samples collected during six of the Apollo missions, scientists are still trying to answer key questions about the moon. Hector Retamal/AFP/Getty ImagesChang’e-6 is just one mission heading to the moon’s far side as NASA has plans to send robotic missions there as well. Cracking the lunar codeOne of the most fundamental questions that scientists have tried to answer is how the moon formed.
Persons: Von, hasn’t, , Li Chunlai, David Trone, Bill Nelson, ” Nelson, “ We’re, Pink Floyd, Renu Malhotra, Louise Foucar, we’ve, Noah Petro, Artemis III, , ” Petro, Artemis, Malhotra, Brett Denevi, ” Denevi, Hector Retamal, Denevi, Aitken, “ it’s, CNN’s Wayne Chang Organizations: CNN, China National Space Administration, NASA, Louise Foucar Marshall Science Research, Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Apollo, Reconnaissance, Artemis, Soviet Union, Johns Hopkins, Getty Locations: China, Tucson, AFP, Hainan Province
Temperatures during the lunar night can plunge to minus 208 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 133 degrees Celsius), according to NASA. And Moon Sniper wasn’t expected to withstand even one lunar night, which is a period of darkness on the moon lasting about two weeks. Riding out the lunar nightThe mission team communicated with Moon Sniper on April 23 after the lander rode out its third lunar night. From JAXAIn addition to surviving the extreme cold of the lunar night, Moon Sniper has also endured the searing temperatures of the lunar day, which can reach 250 degrees Fahrenheit (121 degrees Celsius), according to NASA. On February 29, after seven days of operating, Odie went to sleep because it wasn’t intended to survive the lunar night.
Persons: CNN —, Smart, SLIM, , Moon, , Odysseus, Odie ”, Odie, “ Odie, Jack Fischer, Fischer, ” Fischer, , I’m, Vikram, Artemis, Noah Petro, Artemis III, ” Petro Organizations: CNN, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, NASA, JAXA, Reconnaissance, Artemis, Apollo Locations: Japan, Houston, India, China
The space rock, known as 2016 HO3, is a rare quasi-satellite — a type of near-Earth asteroid that orbits the sun but sticks close to our planet. Astronomers first discovered it in 2016 using the Pan-STARRS telescope, or Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System, in Hawaii. Scientists call the asteroid Kamo’oalewa, a name derived from a Hawaiian creation chant that alludes to an offspring traveling on its own. Kamo’oalewa specimen: A connecting puzzle pieceStudying crater impacts on the moon can also help scientists better understand the consequences of asteroid impacts should a space rock pose a threat to Earth in the future. There’s no other place, no other planet in our solar system with a moon like our moon.
Persons: they’ve, Giordano Bruno, Yifei Jiao, , Erik Asphaug, Kamo’oalewa, “ You’d, Asphaug, ” Jiao, ” Asphaug, Renu Malhotra, China’s, Patrick Michel, Noah Petro, Artemis III, Petro, , ” Petro, “ It’s Organizations: CNN, Survey Telescope, University of Arizona’s, Laboratory, Tsinghua University, University of, London, NASA, Arizona State University, University of Arizona, National Centre for Scientific Research, Reconnaissance, Artemis Locations: Hawaii, Beijing, , France
Sitting atop its stainless steel Super Heavy booster, Starship stood taller than the Statue of Liberty at the company's new orbital launchpad in South Texas. As the booster fell back to Earth, Starship continued to climb toward the heavens, then shut off its engines to glide through space. Once fully operational, Starship will be able to carry up to 150 metric tonnes (165 US tons) to space, per SpaceX. Illustration of SpaceX Starship human lander design that will carry NASA astronauts to the Moon's surface during the Artemis mission. NASA's new moon rocket, SLS, could send 46 tons into orbits beyond the moon.
Persons: , Elon, Musk, Dan Huot, Marianne Ayala, Morgan Stanley, Artemis, Artemis III Organizations: Service, SpaceX, Business, SpaceX's, Texas launchpad, X, NASA, Super, Saturn, Morgan, SLS, SpaceX SLS, Apollo Locations: South Texas, Texas
CNN —A SpaceX Starship rocket launched on its third test flight from the Starbase facility in Boca Chica, Texas and achieved multiple milestones Thursday morning before likely breaking apart. “But again, just it’s incredible to see how much further we got this time around.”SpaceX also never intended to recover Starship after this flight test. The Super Heavy booster burned through most of its fuel and broke away from the Starship spacecraft, the upper stage that rides atop the Super Heavy. Meanwhile, the Federal Aviation Administration will investigate the “mishap” involving both the Super Heavy booster and the Starship spacecraft. The SpaceX Starship rocket system lifts off from Starbase in Boca Chica, Texas, for its third integrated test flight on Thursday.
Persons: TDRSS, , Dan Huot, Artemis, , Bill Nelson, ” Huot, Elon Musk, Chandan Khanna, Huot, It’s, Kate Tice Organizations: CNN, SpaceX Starship, NASA, SpaceX, Twitter, Super, Federal Aviation Administration, Boca, FAA, , Getty Locations: Boca Chica , Texas, Mars, of Mexico, Starbase, SpaceX’s
Relying on his ace piloting skills, Armstrong manually navigated to a safe landing site, with only 30 seconds of fuel left. NASAAfter launching early Thursday morning, the Odysseus lunar lander, or “Odie,” is on a historic journey to the moon. The mission, developed by NASA and Houston-based Intuitive Machines, will aim to land near the lunar south pole on February 22. Ocean secretsResearchers created a 3D model of the submerged stone wall as it appears on the seafloor in Germany’s Bay of Mecklenburg. They find wonder in planets beyond our solar system and discoveries from the ancient world.
Persons: CNN —, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Armstrong, it’s, Odie, , Jeff Koons, Artemis III, Charles Darwin, Dr, John van Wyhe, Darwin, . Hoy, J . Auer, LAKD, , Gaurav, Gaurav Ramnarayanan, Uma Ramakrishnan, Ashley Strickland, Katie Hunt Organizations: CNN, NASA, Darwin, National University of Singapore, University of Rostock, Wildlife, National, for Biological Sciences, Space Station, CNN Space, Science Locations: United States, Houston, Germany’s Bay, Mecklenburg, Bay, Baltic, SS Arlington, Superior, Denmark, Lincoln , Nebraska, British Columbia
The Moon's surface seen from the Orion spacecraft on flight day 20 of the Artemis I mission. CNBC's Investing in Space newsletter offers a view into the business of space exploration and privatization, delivered straight to your inbox. NASA's Artemis moon mission program regularly faces a wide swath of questions – from legislators, auditors, companies and even just the American public – about goals, timeline, cost and more. Call it an Artemis mission! If Orion flying uncrewed around the moon is an Artemis mission, then the first uncrewed HLS landing should be too, because it's arguably just as important to the goal of landing humans back on the moon.
Persons: Artemis, CNBC's Michael Sheetz, it's Organizations: Orion, Aerospace, NASA, Artemis Locations:
AdvertisementDanger at the lunar south poleArtemis III plans to land astronauts near the moon's south pole , which contains water ice, among other vital resources. Even small tremors at the moon's south pole could trigger landslides, according to a NASA press release, which may be dangerous to astronauts. Asteroids and comets have also broken up the lunar surface, Nicholas Schmerr, a co-author on the study, said in a statement . Astronaut James B. Irwin, lunar module pilot, works at the Lunar Roving Vehicle during the first Apollo 15 lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA). The setback will likely also delay NASA's later missions and the agency's aspirations to build a permanent base at the moon's south pole.
Persons: Artemis, , Artemis III, Tom Watters, Watters, Shackleton, Nicholas Schmerr, James B, Irwin, Artemis II Organizations: Service, NASA, Science, Newsweek, BBC, Lunar, Apollo, CNN, Orion
On the lunar surface, however, it’s a different story. “We also knew that the largest of the shallow moonquakes detected by the Apollo seismometers was located near the south pole. As part of the mission, two astronauts will spend about a week living and working on the lunar surface. They can be an opportunity to better study the moon as we do on the Earth with earthquakes,” Husker said. Studying moonquakes at the south pole will tell us more about the Moon’s interior structure as well as its present-day activity.”
Persons: India’s, Russia’s Luna, Artemis, , Thomas R, Watters, ” Watters, LRO, , Renee Weber, ” Weber, Weber, Yosio Nakamura, Nakamura, Allen Husker, Husker, Jeffrey Andrews, Hanna Organizations: CNN, NASA, National Air, Space Museum’s, for, Planetary Studies, Lunar, Science, Apollo, University of Texas, California Institute of Technology, University of Arizona Locations: China, Austin
If the lander turns on again, it could make good on its objectives to collect unprecedented information about a region called the Sea of Nectar. The 1969 US moon mission Apollo 11 captured this oblique view of the large crater Theophilus at the northwest edge of the Sea of Nectar. Here's the first picture sent back by the Moon Sniper after it landed on the lunar surface. The Sea of Nectar is much smaller than its neighbor the Sea of Tranquility, which is over 540 miles (875 kilometers) across and is similarly smooth and flat. “After the Apollo missions, we brought back samples and learned they were essentially massive lava planes,” Osinski said.
Persons: Smart, SLIM —, Moon, Theophilus that’s, , Gordon Osinski, who’s, Artemis, Osinski, we’ve, ” Osinski, Sara Russell, haven’t, Russell, , SLIM, ” “, John Pernet, Fisher, Pernet, it’s, Tranquillity, Canada’s, maria ”, “ It’s, NASA’s Organizations: CNN, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, JAXA, NASA, Western University, Lunar Reconnaissance, Planetary Materials, Ritsumeikan University, Aizu, University of Manchester, Planetary Institute, Apollo, Getty Locations: Japan, , Ontario, Shioli, United Kingdom
CNN —Mere moments after SpaceX’s Starship system — the most powerful rocket ever built — was lost in a test flight Saturday, a somewhat complicated narrative around the vehicle began to emerge. “What we did today will provide invaluable data to continue rapidly developing Starship,” SpaceX said Saturday in a statement. SpaceX's mega rocket Starship launches for a test flight from Starbase in Boca Chica, Texas, on Saturday, November 18, 2023. The Starship spacecraft was then able to ignite its own engines and break away from the Super Heavy rocket booster to continue the mission. SpaceX's Starship rocket prototypes are seen at the SpaceX Starbase in Brownsville, Texas, on August 19, 2023.
Persons: CNN —, Artemis III —, Bill Nelson, SpaceX, , Eric Gay, John Insprucker, Elon Musk, Jim Watson, Wayne Hale, they’ve, ” Hale, , They’ve, , SpaceX’s, Christina Hammock Koch, Victor Glover, Reid Wiseman, Jeremy Hansen, Wiseman, Glover, Hammock Koch, Hansen, Artemis, Bill Ingalls, Hale, Jeff Bezos, Lakiesha Hawkins, ” Hawkins, NASA isn’t, Apollo Hale, Neil A, Armstrong, Michael Collins, Edwin E, Aldrin Jr, ” What’s, Veronica Cardenas, Reuters It’s Organizations: CNN, SpaceX, NASA, China, Super, International Astronautical, Getty, FAA, CSA, Canadian Space Agency, Orion, Planetary Society, SLS, Origin, Blue, Kennedy Space Center, Saturn, Earth, ” CNN, Reuters, Federal Aviation Administration Locations: Starbase, Boca Chica , Texas, Baku, Azerbaijian, Boca Chica, South Texas, AFP, Texas, Washington, Florida, , SpaceX’s, Brownsville , Texas
The Super Heavy booster and Starship spacecraft successfully separated after liftoff, as the Starship lit up its engines and pushed away. SpaceX's Starship launches on its second test flight from the Starbase facility in Boca Chica, Texas, on Saturday morning. The method was used to separate the Starship spacecraft and Super Heavy rocket after liftoff. Then, the spacecraft’s flight termination system was triggered to prevent it from veering off course, bringing an early end to the test flight. After April’s explosive first test flight, SpaceX noted “success comes from what we learn, and we learned a tremendous amount.”
Persons: Eric Gay, , John Insprucker, Artemis, “ Congrats, Bill Nelson, , @SpaceX, Jim Free, Elon Musk, Kate Tice Organizations: CNN, Super, Starship, SpaceX, SpaceX's, Federal Aviation Administration, Boca, FAA, NASA, SpaceX Quality Systems Engineering Locations: of Mexico, Boca Chica , Texas, Hawaii
CNN —After months of rebuilding and clearing red tape following the April explosion of the Starship system’s first test flight, SpaceX is set for its next attempt. The Starship spacecraft stacked atop the Super Heavy booster is intended to play a key role in the NASA Artemis III moon mission, currently slated for 2025. After its fuel is spent, the Super Heavy will detach from the Starship spacecraft and fall back toward the ocean. “These delays may seem small in the big scheme of things but … delays in each and every test flight adds up. One group of activists sued the FAA in May, alleging regulators had failed to comply with federal environmental law when they greenlit Starship’s April test flight.
Persons: Elon Musk, Musk, they’re, NASA Artemis, , Musk’s, SpaceX’s, NASA’s —, Jim Free, , ” Musk, William Gerstenmaier —, we’re, ” Gerstenmaier, Jared Margolis Organizations: CNN, SpaceX, Super, NASA, International Astronautical, , NASA’s, Systems, Federal Aviation Administration, FAA, Center for Biological Locations: Riding, Boca Chica , Texas, South Texas, Texas, Padre, of Mexico, Hawaii, Baku, Azerbaijian, China
CNN —Federal regulators have granted SpaceX permission to launch a long-awaited second test flight of its Starship system — the most powerful rocket ever built — following an explosive first attempt in April. The agency then completed a safety review on October 31 for SpaceX’s planned second test flight. That process concluded on November 14, according to a statement from the agency, allowing FAA to issue the launch permit. Environmental concernsSpaceX may also face additional pushback from environmentalists ahead of — or in the wake of — the second launch attempt. The group of environmental and wildlife advocates that previously sued the FAA could still attempt to seek an injunction to stop the next launch.
Persons: , Artemis, greenlit, William Gerstenmaier, we’re, SpaceX’s, Elon Musk, Jared Margolis Organizations: CNN, SpaceX, Federal Aviation Administration, Super, FAA, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Center for Biological Diversity Locations: of Mexico, Boca Chica , Texas, China,
Prada and Axiom Space are collaborating to create NASA's new spacesuits for its 2025 lunar mission. Prada engineers will develop design features and adapt materials to the harsh climate around the moon. NASA revealed in 1974 that spacesuits are costly and that it spent $15 to $20 million on them at the time. AdvertisementAdvertisementItalian luxury fashion house Prada is collaborating with commercial space company Axiom Space to design NASA's new spacesuits for its Artemis III mission in 2025 so astronauts can fly in style, Prada and Axiom Space announced Wednesday. NASA hired Axiom Space in June 2022 to build its latest spacesuits after revealing it had spent $420 million since 2017 trying to develop its own suits.
Persons: Prada, , Artemis, Michael Suffredini Organizations: NASA, Service, Space, Extravehicular
Prada signage is seen at their store at the Woodbury Common Premium Outlets in Central Valley, New York, U.S., February 15, 2022. REUTERS/Andrew Kelly/File photo Acquire Licensing RightsMILAN, Oct 4 (Reuters) - Italian luxury group Prada (1913.F) and Texas-based startup Axiom Space will collaborate to design NASA's lunar spacesuits for the Artemis III mission planned for 2025, the two companies said on Wednesday. Prada's engineers will work alongside the Axiom Space systems team throughout the design process, developing solutions for materials and design features to protect astronauts against the challenge of space and the lunar environment, they said in a joint statement. Axiom has a contract with U.S. space agency NASA to develop spacesuits for use on the moon and other space programmes. Reporting by Elisa AnzolinOur Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.
Persons: Andrew Kelly, Artemis, Elisa Anzolin Organizations: Prada, Woodbury, REUTERS, U.S, NASA, Thomson Locations: Central Valley , New York, U.S, Texas
MILAN (Reuters) - Italian luxury group Prada and Texas-based startup Axiom Space will collaborate to design NASA's lunar spacesuits for the Artemis III mission planned for 2025, the two companies said on Wednesday. Prada's engineers will work alongside the Axiom Space systems team throughout the design process, developing solutions for materials and design features to protect astronauts against the challenge of space and the lunar environment, they said in a joint statement. Axiom has a contract with U.S. space agency NASA to develop spacesuits for use on the moon and other space programmes. (Reporting by Elisa Anzolin)
Persons: Artemis, Elisa Anzolin Organizations: MILAN, Prada, U.S, NASA Locations: Texas
CNN —The Federal Aviation Administration announced Friday it has closed its “mishap” investigation into the April SpaceX Starship test flight that ended after the rocket exploded over the Gulf of Mexico. The FAA says the investigation “cites multiple root causes” and “63 corrective actions SpaceX must take to prevent mishap reoccurrence,” the agency said in a statement. SpaceX has said it is ready to try to launch Starship again. But the FAA must issue a launch license, and one of the holdups has been the mishap investigation. “You can think about that launch date slipping probably into ’26.”In August, Free told CNN “my level of concern is the same” after a trip to visit SpaceX’s launch site a month earlier.
Persons: Elon Musk, WjENkdudo9 — Elon, Artemis III, Jim Free, he’s, , Free Organizations: CNN, Federal Aviation Administration, SpaceX, FAA, Boca Chica, U.S . Export Control, Boca, Fish and Wildlife Service, NASA, NASA’s, Systems, , Aeronautics, Space Engineering Board, Space Studies, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, Medicine Locations: of Mexico, Boca Chica , Texas, Boca Chica
CNN —Senior NASA officials say that the agency’s Space Launch System — the massive rocket designed to propel its ambitious Artemis program to establish a base on the moon — is “unaffordable,” according to a report Thursday from the US Government Accountability Office. The report does not name which officials — or how many — at NASA made such claims. That plan includes efforts to “stabilize the flight schedule,” increase efficiencies, “encourage innovation” and “adjust acquisition strategies to reduce cost risk,” according to GAO. That’s expected to be followed by Artemis III, the first attempt to return American astronauts to the moon since the Apollo program. But while NASA “partially concurred,” the agency “has not yet implemented this recommendation,” the GAO report said.
Persons: Artemis, NASA “, Artemis I, That’s, Artemis III, watchdogs, Organizations: CNN —, NASA, Office, SLS, GAO, Government watchdogs
CNN —India is on the brink of a historic attempt to land its Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft on the moon that could make it only the fourth nation ever to accomplish such a feat. India’s space agency will livestream the landing attempt starting at 5:20 p.m. IST (7:50 a.m. Previously, only the United States, China and the former Soviet Union have completed soft landings on the lunar surface. Russia’s Luna 25 spacecraft crashed into the moon on August 19 after its engines misfired, ending the country’s first lunar landing attempt in 47 years. Indranil Mukherjee/AFP/Getty ImagesIndia’s mission has taken on even greater significance since Russia’s failed Luna 25 landing attempt.
Persons: nation’s, Russia’s Luna, Vikram, Angela Marusiak, she’s, Marusiak, , ” Marusiak, Satish Dhawan, Indranil Mukherjee, Luna, landers, Artemis, Bill Nelson, India’s Organizations: CNN, Indian Space Research Organization, Soviet Union, University of Arizona’s, Laboratory, Satish Dhawan Space, YouTube, Getty, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, United, NASA Locations: India, United States, China, France, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, Mumbai, Israel, Japan, Artemis, Russia
The failed landing attempt has experts questioning the future of the country’s lunar exploration ambitions and the geopolitical dynamics that underpin modern space exploration efforts. The spacecraft, Luna 25, lost contact with operators at Russia’s space agency, Roscosmos, on Saturday, August 19. Luna 25 was flying alongside India’s Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft, which will attempt to land on the moon as soon as Wednesday. “I’m sure China must be really wondering what they saddled themselves with” after the Luna 25 mission, Samson said. Why missions like Luna 25 matterThe Luna 25 spacecraft was intended to land on the moon’s south pole.
Persons: CNN —, Roscosmos, Yury Borisov, , Victoria Samson, Borisov, Russia's Luna, Luna, Robert Pearson, Duke University’s, Pearson, , haven’t, India’s Chandrayaan, Artemis III, ” Samson, “ It’s, it’s, India’s, Samson, ’ ”, Angela Marusiak, hasn’t, ” Pearson Organizations: CNN, Secure World Foundation, Soviet, Roscosmos, Space Corporation, Luna, U.S . Foreign Service, Diplomacy, European Space Agency, Lunar Research, US, NASA, SpaceX, University of Arizona’s, Laboratory Locations: Russian, Russia, Washington, Soviet Union, Ukraine, Turkey, United States, Europe, Russia’s, China, India, Artemis
Chief Engineer Jim Stein wears the new spacesuit during the Axiom Space Artemis III Lunar Spacesuit event at Space Center Houston in Houston, Texas, on March 15, 2023. Space company Axiom raised $350 million in a round that was led by Saudi-owned Aljazira Capital and Korean health-care investment firm Boryung, the company announced Monday. Houston-based Axiom trains and flies both private and government astronauts on missions to the International Space Station via launches with SpaceX. It's developing human spaceflight technologies including a commercial space station and a lunar spacesuit. It's flown two crews to the ISS, including the recently completed Ax-2 mission, and is working to launch its first space station module by 2026.
Persons: Jim Stein, Axion, It's, Naif Almesned Organizations: Space Center Houston, Saudi, Aljazira Capital, Houston, International Space, SpaceX Locations: Houston , Texas
CNN —Russia is preparing to launch Luna 25, the country’s first lunar lander in 47 years. Hitching a ride aboard a Soyuz-2 Fregat rocket, Luna 25 is expected to take flight at 8:10 a.m. local time Friday, or 7:10 p.m. Russia’s last lunar lander, Luna 24, landed on the moon on August 18, 1976. Initially, Roscosmos and the European Space Agency planned to partner on Luna 25, as well as Luna 26, Luna 27 and the ExoMars rover. The mission is India’s second attempt to land at the lunar south pole after Chandrayaan-2 crashed into the moon in September 2019.
Persons: India’s, Roscomos, , Artemis III, “ We’re, Bill Nelson, “ There’s, Nelson, Organizations: CNN, Vostochny, Soyuz, YouTube, Roscosmos, Luna, Reuters, NASA, European Space Agency, ESA, Soviet Locations: Russia, Amur Oblast, Russian, Ukraine, Chandrayaan, India, United States, Soviet Union, China, Mars, Soviet
"Definitely the moon is going to be a big business," said Prachi Kawade, a senior analyst at NSR, a research-and-consulting company focused on the space market. At first, lunar missions could be limited to a couple of weeks or months in a lunar base camp. Another lead for moon mining is the rare-earth elements that millennia of meteorites crashing into the moon may have left behind. Fly me to the moonHowever, the most lucrative part of the moon market by far is rocket development, said Kawade, who leads NSR's lunar-market report. NASA built its own system for its upcoming Artemis moon missions, the Space Launch System (SLS) mega-rocket with its Orion spacecraft.
Persons: Artemis, Brendan Rosseau, Lockheed Martin, Prachi Kawade, that's, Rosseau, Steve Creech, Creech, Kawade, NASA We're, George W, Bush, Rousseau, landers, Per, NASA's, NASA Ames, Daniel Rutter, Elon Musk's, Artemis III, Musk, NASA isn't, Glenn, III, VIII, Bill Nelson, Svetla Ben, Itzhak, Ben Organizations: NASA, Service, Harvard Business School, SpaceX, Origin, Nokia, Lockheed, General Motors, NSR, Apollo, ESA, Payload, Astrobotic Technology, Rover, Exploration Rover, Polar Resources, Mining, Orion, Elon, Elon Musk's SpaceX, Politico, Artemis, China, Air University Locations: Wall, Silicon, China, Pittsburg, Texas, California, Colorado, Japan, Russia, Latin America, Central Asia, Pakistan
A NASA planetary scientist said conditions on the lunar south pole could be ripe for microbial life. The lunar south pole has craters of ice and possible microbial lifeThe lunar south pole has had lots of attention in recent years because it's where NASA hopes to land its Artemis III astronauts in 2025. NASANo human has ever set foot on the lunar south pole. A map of "cold traps" inside shadowy lunar craters at the moon's south pole (left) and north pole (right). Even if microbes don't exist on the moon right now, they almost certainly will if humans start walking around on its surface.
Persons: , there's, Prabal Saxena, Space.com, Saxena, he's, Leonard David, radiodurans, Tardigrades, We're Organizations: NASA, Service, Goddard Spaceflight Center, Artemis, International Space
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